The Early Years Learning Framework - 932 Words

The Early Years Learning Framework (EYLF) is Australia’s first national curriculum framework for educators working on early education and care settings with children from birth to age 5. It revolves around children and children’s learning. It brings forward the shared values and beliefs and contributes to consistency of practice across different learning settings. The EYLF promotes professional dialogue within and between settings and highlights the crucial role early childhood educators play in establishing strong foundations for children’s current well being, future learning and life success. This learning framework has three underlying principles which are important to be considered in order to ensure a child’s well-being. These three important concepts are: belonging, being and becoming. To start with, children need to feel that they belong to a particular group and they have a deep connection and relationship with other members of the group. Belonging can also relate to how comfortable a child can feel in an early childhood setting where he will be spending most of his time. The second concept being is mostly about children accepting who they really are and almost all being they will come across be it an educator, a family member or a friend do actually care about them. ‘Becoming’ is the third concept and it refers to change and how children should acclimate to this change in order to be able to adapt and thrive in their new environment. It investigates children’sShow MoreRelatedThe Early Years Learning Framework2058 Words   |  9 Pages Curriculum plays a significant role at school as it guides the structure and process of the teaching and learning experience. Every school will have its unique curriculum, usually guided by the national curriculum, which reflects the school philosophy and guides its strategic plan in teaching. The purpose of this essay is to explore and critique the Early Years Learning Framework(EYLF) curriculum by identifying how this curriculum links to City of Kingston- Edithvale Family and children center’sRead MoreThe Early Years Learning Framework For Australia1431 Words   |  6 PagesThe Early Years Learning framework for Australia Document is important to have in our Schools; as it talks about how Children are confident and involved learners, we need our student’s to be confident and involved in all aspects of learning in the classroom. Having this in place means children get more hands on experience in the classroom and more room for activities, exploring and learning new th ings and not being afraid to step out of their comfort zone to learn. This means more creativity fromRead MoreThe Early Years Learning Framework For Australia1706 Words   |  7 Pagestechnological developments, so too do definitions of what literacy is. There is some agreement on what literacy involves, and most definitions include reading, writing, speaking and listening, and sometimes viewing or visual literacy. The Early Years Learning Framework for Australia [EYLF] (DEEWR, 2009, p.38) defines literacy as â€Å"a students’ capacity to access, manage, interpret and reflect on written texts in order to achieve their goals, to develop their knowledge and potential, and to participateRead MoreSchool Curriculum And The Early Years Learning Framework972 Words   |  4 Pagesessential that educators create safe, welcoming environments that promote learning for all students in a classroom and to do this they must acknowledge issues of diversity and difference and know how to a pproach these issues. There are two key documents that guide educators in their planning and implementation of curriculum; The Australian Curriculum and The Early Years Learning Framework. Using these two documents to create learning programs, educators must enact an inclusive curriculum that empowersRead MoreThe National Quality Standard And Early Years Learning Framework Essay1671 Words   |  7 Pagesplayground. Early childhood is a time where children want to express themselves and explore their world independently. It is, therefore, imperative that early childhood settings foster autonomy and develop age-appropriate social and emotional skills. This increasing independence must be fostered for children to grow, develop and become allowing them to function independently (autonomy). This is emphasised strongly through both the National Quality Standard and Early Years Learning Framework. This senseRead MoreNature Vs Nurture : The Early Years Learning Framework1982 Words   |   8 Pagesâ€Å"teach† are commonly used in the early childhood sector. This essay attempts to define and interconnect these terms to produce a holistic understanding of how play can be used as a medium to help children learn. Research has proven that the debate of â€Å"nature vs nurture† is obsolete, with development being the product of both a unique genetic endowment as well as the influence of the environment (Shonkoff, 2003), and that the first five years of a child are crucial to learning and behaviour modificationRead MoreLegal Status of Early Year Framework for Child Development1038 Words   |  4 PagesLegal status of early year framework Developed countries has made early year framework for child development with respect to their needs and some of them has made it mandatory in their countries. For example, early year framework is part of the council of Australian Governments reform agenda and is a major part of the Australian Governments National Quality Framework for early childhood education and care. Similarly, some parts of America have its own early year framework for the child developmentRead MoreAustralian Government Policies, Initiatives And Legislative Requirements1075 Words   |  5 Pageschildren in Early Learning contexts. Introduction 200 words l Overview of the situation and identification of key issues. In 2012, the National Quality Framework (NQF) was introduced by the Australian Government and subsequently applied to majority of children’s education and care services. The framework is used to ensure the wellbeing of children throughout their lives and to raise the productivity of the nation. The framework was introduced based on the evidence that the early years of children’sRead MoreInclusion And Requirements Of The Areas Of Learning And Development1534 Words   |  7 PagesUnit 13: Promote Learning And Development In The Early Years. 1: Understand the purpose and requirements of the areas of learning and development in the relevant early year’s framework. 1.2: Describe the documented outcomes for children that form part of the relevant early year’s framework. Documented outcomes for children that form part of the relevant early years framework: Desired outcomes for children and young people as in the required framework for early years provision within the FoundationRead MoreCU1536 PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE IN EARLY YEARS SETTINGS977 Words   |  4 PagesCU1536 PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE IN EARLY YEARS SETTINGS 1.1 Explain how the range of early years settings reflects the scope and purpose of the sector The range of Early Years Settings reflects on the requirements of parents and families for their children. Some parents want care for their children so that they can return to work, some may want to stay with their children while they socialise, some may want their children in a setting which offer services aimed at learning, whilst some may want their

Essay on Womens Right to Vote - 875 Words

Womens suffrage refers to the right of women to participate in democratic processes through voting on the same basis as men. In the medieval and early modern periods in Europe, the right to vote was typically severely limited for all people by factors such as age, ownership of property, and gender. The development of the modern democratic state has been characterized internationally by the erosion of these various limitations following periods of collective struggle. Womens suffrage has been achieved as part of this process of modernization at different times in different national contexts, although very few nations granted women the right to vote in elections before the twentieth century (Freedman, pp. 63). The first convention held†¦show more content†¦Following the failure of his attempt to amend the 1867 Reform Act to allow womens suffrage, a number of regional womens suffrage societies were established, culminating in the creation of the National Union of Womens Suffrage Societies in 1897 (Freedman, pp. 89). In 1903, Emmeline Pankhurst and others broke away from the National Union and established the Womens Social and Political Union, the â€Å"suffragettes,† who deployed much more confrontational forms of political campaigning, including demonstrations, hunger strikes, and vandalism of property. In 1918, after World War I, women over 30 were granted the vote in national elections, and in the Representation of the People Act of 1928, women in the United Kingdom were finally granted the vote on the same terms as men. New Zealand has some claim to be the first nation to allow women the right to vote on an equal basis to men; having done so in 1893, it was ahead of all presently existing independent countries. Australia followed closely behind, establishing womens suffrage in 1902, while Finland granted women the right to vote in 1905 (McElroy, pp. 163). Throughout the twentieth century, women across the globe gradually gained access to the right to vote. The length and intensity of campaigns to secure womens right to vote across this period indicates something of the strength of resistance to womens suffrage. The reasons for this areShow MoreRelatedWomens Right to Vote1122 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Womens Right to Vote Cover Letter ONE: My purpose in writing this essay in one sense is a reminder to myself and to anyone reading it that among the lesser known and yet enormously impactful injustices of the U.S. is the fact that it took 144 years from the time of the Declaration of Independence to 1920 when the 19th Amendment to the Constitution was put in place. In those 144 years there were august debates about freed slaves rights to vote; and of course there was a bloody war over statesRead MoreA Womens Right to Vote Essay758 Words   |  4 PagesWomens Right to Vote August 26, 1920 was perhaps one of the greatest victories of the century for women. Now when the polls open women and men stand next to each other and cast a vote that holds the same importance. Every person should remember the time and effort it took to get here as they approach the poll booth. There was a struggle to over come and that struggle was won. The landmark acceptance of the Nineteenth Amendment changed the way of life in American forever. We were sixteenRead MoreWomens Right to Vote Essay974 Words   |  4 PagesWomen’s right to voting Right from the Preamble of the Universal Declaration on Human Rights (1948), the â€Å"equal rights of women and men† are mentioned, together with the fundamental human rights, to be reaffirmed by the UN’s member states to form the background for the demonstration of the Declaration (Universal Declaration on Human Rights, 1948). The history of women’s rights can be traced back to the Babylonian law-code (the Code of Hammurabi, ca. 1780 BC) , and then one of the first legally documentedRead MoreWomens Right to Vote Essay1800 Words   |  8 PagesWomens Right to Vote After aeons of being treated as second-class citizens, the women of Britain, around the 1860s, decided to campaign for suffrage and gain equal rights and their reasons for campaigning are explained below. Married women were always superseded by their husbands, could not own property and had few other rights. Divorce laws, too, were partial, favouring men more than women and practices like wife-battering and marital rape were still legal. AfterRead MoreWomens Right to Vote due to Their Contribution to the War Effort1543 Words   |  7 PagesWomens Right to Vote due to Their Contribution to the War Effort In 1918 a major milestone was reached in the fight for womens equality rights, this was women being granted suffrage by the government. During the physical endurance of the four years of the war, women proving themselves equal to men, they were rewarded the vote. The Electoral Reform bill was passed which granted voting rights to all female property owners over 30. Some historians say women were neverRead MoreWomens Right to Vote Due to Their Contribution to the War Effort799 Words   |  4 PagesWomens Right to Vote Due to Their Contribution to the War Effort In August 1914 Britaindeclared war on Germany. Both the suffragettes and suffragists suspended their campaigns. Shortly after the outbreak of World War I, the government ordered the unconditional release of all suffrage prisoners. On August 13, Emmeline Pankhurst called a temporary suspension to militancy and asked her followers to support her in the war effort. The suffragette movement was now effectivelyRead MoreWomens Failure to Gain the Right to Vote between 1900 and 19141835 Words   |  8 PagesWomens Failure to Gain the Right to Vote between 1900 and 1914 In the years leading up to the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, womens suffrage was never far from the headlines due to the constant bombardment of publicity stunts pulled by Emmeline Pankhurst and her Suffragettes. Using all within their power to gain attention, the Suffragettes believed in using direct persuasion, and if necessary, violent protest to remain in the public eye, pulling stunts fromRead MoreEssay on The Women770 Words   |  4 Pages The womens suffrage party fought for years on the right to vote. They werent going to stop until they got their right. For instance, Alice Paul organized a parade through Washington D.C. on inauguration day, which supported womens suffrage and also picketed the White House for 18 months. Paul was put in jail for that and started a hunger strike. Susan B Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Shanton supported the womens suffrage for fifty years later. Neither of them lived to see the 19th amendment ratifiedRead MoreThe Fight to Vote Essay1312 Words   |  6 Pageshave the right to vote. In many states, they could only vote if their state allowed them the privilege. The dedicated men and women fought for their right to vote in the Civil Rights Movement in the early and mid 1900s. Congress passed the Fifteenth Amendment and the Voting Rights Act to give African Americans the rights to vote. It would have not occurred if the Civil Rights Movement had not taken place. The Nineteenth Amendment would not have occurred either if not for the Civil Rights Movement

The Importance of Reflection Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.c

Question: Discuss about the Importance of Reflection. Answer: Introduction This will include a catchy description of what you are about to take your readers through and explain the people, places and things that influenced you very briefly. Definition Reflection may refer to different things depending on the context it is used in. It can mean the mirror image of some object or a representation of something. It can also mean to the art of giving serious thought to something or contemplating on the different dimensions of a situation or events and considering various alternatives. (Dictionary.com) Importance of Reflection Reflection is very important especially before we do anything important because reflecting on an aspect gives us the right perspective about things. It helps to have an idea about the positive, the negative and the consequences of things that we can expect. Reflection helps us to take proper action, prepare for the future plan of action and know what we have, what we are lacking and what needs to be improved. (Ayoubi, 2013). General Structure of a Reflective Essay It is important to structure your reflective essay in a manner that reflects everything relating to you and your life; the events, the people, the places and their experiences. A general reflective structure must be done in the following manner so that every aspect can be categorically covered under each heading and in the right order. The Body (This will include in details some of the events and places and how you went into those areas of your life and its immediate effect). Conclusion (This will include your learning experience and what the different situations taught you, negatively or positively.) And finally an Action plan to ensure that you work on those areas of life that the reflective thought has brought to your notice. (Kibin, 2015) Use of Reflective Phrases I realize that. I may have assumed Those years have been rather. In hindsight I have come to this conclusion that I made an observation that.(Hagaman, 1998). Identify learning needs using Behaviour / Skill Set Questionnaire Behavioral Focusing on how others feel Working in teams Dealing with responsibilities Learning to organize and achieve objectives Personality development Being Empathetic Being ethical at workplace Skilled based Fine tuning technical knowhow Developing knowledge in the required field Dealing with financial aspects Dealing with communication aspects, emails, phone calls etc; Prepare an action plan using SMART Objectives This will help me set myself up for the perfect action plan and help me measure the progress. Specific [This will showcase what exactly I want to achieve, the people who will be significant, the areas of improvement and why these areas must be taken into consideration.] Measurable [This will mean that certain guidelines are taken into consideration in order to measure the progress or to see what more needs to be accomplished] Achievable [Set goals that are within my ability to accomplish things with good quality results.] Realistic [Focus and explain how these goals will help in the future activities. Set goals must be justified with future prospects] Time [Time refers to the time that the goals will take to be achieved. Time can be set depending on the subject matter. It can be monthly, half yearly or even yearly]. References J. (2013). The Importance of Reflection. Training Zone. Retrieved from https://www.trainingzone.co.uk/develop/talent/the-importance-of-reflection on 2nd May, 2017. com. Reflection. Retrieved from https://www.dictionary.com/browse/reflection on 2nd May, 2017. A F. (1998). Part 4: Reflective Phrases. Retrieved from https://weac.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/2_-REFLECTIVE-PHRASES.pdf on 2nd May, 2017. (2015). Use this Reflective Essay Outline to get your paper started. Retrieved from https://www.kibin.com/essay-writing-blog/reflective-essay-outline/ on 2nd May, 2017.

Okinawan Music

Okinawan music is a traditional type of music in Japan, sang by Okinawa people. Most of the Japans traditional songs have been forgotten by various societies. Currently, Okinawa music remains as the only traditional music surviving in Japan. In most of the festivals in Japan Okinawa music is sang by hundreds of people. Okinawa people parade themselves along the streets as they accompany the Okinawa music with fabulous dance called the katcharsee. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Okinawan Music [FREE Paper Example!] specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The okinawan people are known to have a special liking of songs and dances (Lipsitz 88). There are unique dances that accompany each Okinawa song during the festivals. The okinawan songs and dances have been passed from one generation to another with a lot of improvements in them. There are specific musical instruments that are preferred when Okinawa music is played for instance the three-string lute is commonly played. In several occasions where Okinawa songs are played a celebration song known as kajade Fu is played to open the ceremony. Such occasions where Okinawa songs are played include wedding ceremonies, presidential gatherings, and other special occasions (Young 103). During the okinawan performances â€Å"kadiku and Atchame Guwa† are the songs that are played to end the ceremony. At this time of ending the ceremony singers, dancers, and the audience gather on the stage to sing as well as dancing to close the occasion. Songs and dances are sung over and over again at the stage until every audience comes at the stage to join the rest. Different songs of Okinawa have different meanings ranging from love songs, patriotic songs, and educative songs. For instance, kana-yo Bushi is an Okinawa song of love sang by women as they express their love to their men through a hand towel woven by them. Another example of Okinawa colorful music i s Toshin Doi that was played to American and other nations in the year 2000. This is the year when the United States president Bill Clinton attended the G-8 summit on Okinawa, and this song was sung. The okinawan music culture is interesting. Okinawa people mostly make use of sanshin in their traditional music that is believed to have come from Ryukyuan dignity during the ruling of Sho Shin. The introduction of sanshin in Okinawa music made the musicians to express their feelings in amore striking manner. Sanshin in English means a three stringed guitar though it’s an instrument relatively smaller than a guitar, and is covered by a snakeskin (Selden and Hein 120). The sanshin is a small musical instrument and produces a very high sound, its also called banjo when played together with Okinawa music. Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Traditionally the okinawan music is playe d into four categories. It’s categorized depending on the island of origin. The first category is Okinawa-honto; these are songs that are smoothly sung with standard tunes of singers, they are also considered to be more stylish than the rest. The second category is Miyako music, songs that have well designed melodies and legend of the natural calamities concerning the history of the island. The third category is Yaeyama music that is mainly composed of festive songs sung in most of the ceremonies and special occasions (Nakasone 82). The final category of Okinawa music is Amami songs that are composed of both styles of Japanese and Okinawa, this category seem to be also classic. When Minyo and Shimauta are played traditionally, the dancers enjoy themselves as they do it with interesting styles capturing the attention of the audience. Most of the songs that are okinawan minyo depend on the life experiences of the writer, and they are all over Japan. Shimauta refers to island m usic and has been there for a long duration of time approximately 30 years. The culture of okinawan music approves the use of musical instruments. The commonly used musical instruments are the sanshin and taiko, as they are found to accompany the traditional okinawan music very well. For over the years, modern okinawan artists have been using some other instruments like violin, tambourine, and flutes among other modern musical instruments. The okinawan music community has a culture of writing a new song every day (Young 270). This community has remained as aggressive as it was 500 years back. Their songs cover almost everything in the universe as its possible to find vegetable songs, sky songs and many more. Okinawa music has evolved in three perspectives such as minyo, rock and jazz. After the Second World War the okinawan musicians chose jazz as a way of expressing their songs well and passing their intended message to the audience. Jazz developed well with the rock adding more v alue to the traditional okinawan music. Some famous okinawan artists like Paul Ishigaki made popular performance with his jazz and initiated the spread of jazz singers all over Japan (Sakamoto and Allen 78). Up to now there are many jazz artists in Japan live houses. From the look of the things the okinawan rock and jazz is alive and advancing forcefully within the music industry, thus encouraging more and more audience of their performances.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Okinawan Music [FREE Paper Example!] specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For many years now, the Okinawa music is expanding and blossoming as the musicians continue to enjoy the traditional tunes while inventing new music for the future. Currently, the Okinawa music is receiving much attention from the audience and other dignitaries in all over Japan. For the last few years Okinawa singers have been influencing other singers from the mainland J apan to work together and expand the Okinawa music and attract more audience (Lipsitz 45). The Okinawa music still has become so popular due to its current hitting songs concerning the modern social life in Japan. The most famous songs are those criticizing the young schoolgirls who are being cheated by old men for money. This type of music pleases more and more people as it is educating these youngsters to have a bright future. During the world war 11, the Okinawa people were frustrated, but their classical music expanded and gave them much hope for the future. This okinawan music has evolved from traditional perspective to a classical type of music attracting many funs. The okinawan music has crossed the bounders to educate as well as entertain people internationally (Selden and Hein 160). The funs of okinawan music are over the world. Even those people, who can hardly understand the Japanese language, enjoy the sweet lyrics and melodies. Most of the best CDs of okinawan music c an be purchased online and their videos can also be watched online. The availability of the okinawan music online has helped in the expansion of their market. Famous musicians, guitarists, and dancers in Okinawa music have also contributed much in the growth of this music. The Okinawa music has musicians who are recognized globally and are acceptable in entertaining and educating people. The okinawan music has evolved drastically from being a local music to an international music. Works Cited Lipsitz, George. Dangerous Crossroads: Popular Music, Postmodernism, and the Poetics of Place. ISBN1859849350, 9781859849354, Verso, 2009. Nakasone, Ronald. Okinawan Diaspora. ISBN0824825306, 9780824825300, University of Hawaii Press, 2002.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Sakamoto, Rumi and Allen Matthew. Popular Culture, Globalization And Japan. ISBN0415368987, 9780415368988, Taylor Francis, 2006. Selden, Mark and Hein, Laura Islands Of Discontent: Okinawan Responses To Japanese And American Power. ISBN0742518663, 9780742518667, Rowman Littlefield, 2003. Young, Richard. Music, Popular Culture, Identities. (Vol 19), ISBN9042012498, 9789042012493, Rodopi, 2002. This essay on Okinawan Music [FREE Paper Example!] was written and submitted by user Saanvi A. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

junk food essays

junk food essays There is something wrong when salsa passes as a vegetable in the school cafeteria and students can buy soda and candy from vending machines on campus. With this in mind we can only begin to wonder what the future holds for todays adolescents. When students are exposed to a life of poor nutrition, the result can be obesity and regrets. For countless Canadian children breakfast or lunch drops out of a vending machine at school. This can be a can of soda, perhaps washing down a chocolate bar followed by a bag of potato chips. Students may be junk food junkies but the schools are hooked as well and have become increasingly dependent on the revenue that soda and candy machines bring in each year. While soda sales may help supplement the schools bottom line health experts are increasingly worried that soft drinks are contributing to a students poor health. It was concluded that teen-aged boys soda consumption has tripled in the last 20 years and doubled for girls (Winter). Teens now drink twice as much soda as milk (Brasher). Conversely, children are taught in the classroom about good nutrition and the value of healthy food choices but are surrounded by vending machines, school stores and fund raisers offering low nutrient density options. They receive the message that good nutrition is merely an academic exercise. I n a similar way pizza and candy are the highest reward used for good behaviours, attendance and academic achievement (Brasher). Children spend a lot of time in schools and are afforded a great deal of freedom in selecting snack foods. Schools can and should provide an environment that exemplifies a healthier relationship with food. The rising obesity rates in children are shocking but considering that kids live in a junk food, couch- potato culture that is not surprising. A recent research report from the University of Kentucky showed that 84 percent of fo ...

Ownership, Originality, Copying and Infringement of Software Copyright Background The WritePass Journal

Ownership, Originality, Copying and Infringement of Software Copyright Background Abstract Ownership, Originality, Copying and Infringement of Software Copyright Background : 143). However, Arnold J stated that because of the uncertainty surrounding software programs a referral to the ECJ was required. On being referred by the High Court, the ECJ held that the copyright available to computer programs under the Software Directive does not protect the functionality of a computer program, its programming language or the format of data files used in it. In January 2013, the High Court applied the ECJs ruling, yet the High Courts decision was upheld by the Court of Appeal in November 2013. In accordance with this it is likely to prove very difficult for FTS to establish a claim in copyright and even if this can be ascertained, they will still have to demonstrate additional copyright requirements, such as ownership. Accordingly, software cases also give rise to ownership issues since there will often be more than one author due to the complexity and size of computer codes generally. Nevertheless, section 9 (1) CDPA makes it clear that the owner of a work is the person that has created it. As this is a computer-generated work, it will thus be the person who arranged for the creation of the work (section 9 (3)) unless he has created the work within the course of employment. If it is found that Bill created the work, FTS will still be the owner as the ownership of copyright remains vested in an employer if the creation was made during the course of employment (section 11 CDPA). Nevertheless, as evidenced in (1) Laurence John Wrenn (2) Integrated Multi-Media Solutions v Ste phen Landamore [2007] EWHC 1833 (Ch) each case will be decided on its own facts. Here, it was held by the court that since there was a written agreement between the parties, an exclusive license could be implied. Regardless of these difficulties, however, software can still be afforded copyright protection and the most common act of infringement that occurs in relation to source or object codes is unauthorised copying. Here, a distinction needs to be made between literal and non-literal copying. Literal copying occurs when an identical copy is made, whereas non-literal copying occurs when the structure, appearance or manner of the code has been copied (Pila, 2010: 229). In the case of literal copying, it will generally be easier to establish a claim of copyright since it will merely have to be shown that a substantial part of the code has been copied, which will be based upon the skill, labour and judgment that has been expended; Cantor Fitzgerald International and Another v Tradition (UK) Limited and Other [2000] RPC 95. In the event that there has been a non-literal copying of the works, it will be a lot more complex to establish. This is because it is often the case that two completely dif ferent programs will produce the same results. Therefore, although it might appear on the face of it that the program has been copied; this may not actually be the case. In Thrustcode Ltd v WW Computing Ltd [1983] FSR 502 it was noted by the Court that; the results produced by operating the program must not be confused with the program in which copyright in claimed. Another consideration FTS will need to think about is if the codes were originally created by a third party. This is because if a third party has been commissioned to create the copyrighted work, ownership of that work will remain vested in the third party unless there has been an express agreement to the contrary (Lyons, 2005: 3). If no such agreement has been made, the court may imply an assignment or licence so that FTS can use the software, although the scope of an assignment or licence will depend entirely upon the facts of the case. In Robin Ray v Classic FM Plc [1998] FSR 622 it was held by the Court that both parties had accepted the law in relation to the implication of terms as to ownership and the licensing of copyright. Arguably, it is evident that whilst FTS may have a claim against Bill for copyright infringement, it will be very difficult to prove because of the complex nature of software copyright. Conclusion Overall, given the long process that is involved with software development, it is likely that FTSs legal advisers will have to overcome a number of obstacles before they can establish a claim in copyright. Consequently, they will first need to establish that they are the author of the products code and that it was an original creation. Once this has been ascertained they will then need to show that their product has actually been infringed by Bill, which may prove extremely difficult given the complexity of software programs. References Campbell, D. and Cotter, S. (1998) Copyright Infringement, Kluwer Law International. Lyons, T. (2005) Warning All Software Users, Electronic Business Law, Volume 7, Issue 9. Morton, T. (2013) Emerging Technologies and Continuity, Tolleys Practical Audit Accounting, Volume 24, Issue 12. Pila, J. (2010) Copyright and Its Categories of Original Works, Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, Volume 30, Issue 2. Reed, C. and Angel, J. (2003) Computer Law, 5th Edition, OUP Oxford. Case Law BezpeÄ nostnà ­ softwarov asociace – Svaz softwarovà © ochrany v Ministerstvo kultury, Case C-393/09, 22 December 2010 Cantor Fitzgerald International and Another v Tradition (UK) Limited and Other [2000] RPC 95 Infopaq International A/S v Danske Dagblades Forening [2009] EUECJ C-5/08 (16 July 2009) (1) Laurence John Wrenn (2) Integrated Multi-Media Solutions v Stephen Landamore [2007] EWHC 1833 (Ch) Navitaire Inc v Easyjet Airline Co Anor [2004] EWHC 1725 (Ch) Robin Ray v Classic FM Plc [1998] FSR 622 SAS Institute v World Programming Ltd [2010] EWHC 1829 (Ch) Thrustcode Ltd v WW Computing Ltd [1983] FSR 502

Pakistan's international conflict between secularism and Islamic Essay

Pakistan's international conflict between secularism and Islamic militancy - Essay Example However, the Indian population had its own cultural characteristics with the original Hindu majority interspersed with a large population of Muslims, a remnant of the country’s bygone Mughal era. The Muslim population feared dominance in a vastly Hindu populated region and this fear prompted its leaders to suggest a separate state for the Muslims. The British rulers, who had handled such issues in their two centuries old reign in the region, recognized this factionalism in Indian society and with the perception that the demand was reasonable, acceded to the creation of a separate country for the Muslims. With the Muslim higher intensity of Muslim population in the Northern region of Punjab and the Eastern state of Bengal, it was decided that East and West Pakistan were two entities that would suit the purpose. Accordingly, the Sub-Continent was carved into two states, the independent republic of India and Pakistan, the latter with its two landmasses separated from each other. West Pakistan lay in the north west of the subcontinent with majority population being Punjabis, and East Pakistan at the extreme east of the subcontinent, the majority population being Bengalis. ... The remaining Pakistan in the West was the only surviving Muslim dominated region in the Indian sub-continent which has been driven by hatred for its neighbours, India and Afghanistan, rather than being an independent, progressive state as was envisaged by its creators. The country has been through numerous coups, alternating with short periods of a semblance of democracy, the latter being throttled ruthlessly by military rulers through assassinations, murder and mayhem. The Cold War era saw attempts of domination in the region by the then two superpowers, the United States and the former USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics). Afghanistan had its own internal problems and remained occupied by Soviet forces for almost ten years during the Cold War. This prompted the United States to pump in economic and arms aid to Pakistan, which gleefully accepted the alms to fuel its hatred and threat to India. Although claiming to be a Muslim country, the Pakistani rulers did not hesitate to ally with China, an atheist state, taking advantage of its border dispute with India. The United States assisted Pakistan to form the Taliban, a radical Muslim organization, with an aim to cripple the USSR presence in Afghanistan, which it did with some degree of success. However, after designs of the west and internal economic and political unrest forced the dismantling of USSR, it lost interest in Afghanistan. The Taliban was left without any purpose, or the need for its existence as an entity. But the large number of youth who were recruited into the organization rebelled and trained their guns on the very creators of their organization, the United States of America. Muslim radical organizations like the now famous Al Qaida grew from West Asia and expanded into the Muslim